ALUMINUM OXIDE
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INTRODUCTION
Aluminum (Aluminium) Oxide [Al2O3 ] , that is commonly known as Alumina , is an inert , odourless, amorphous white powder produced from Bauxite mostly through Bayer process and has other names such as Aloxide , Aloxite or Alundum depending on the industry use.
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General specifications of Alumina can be summarized as follows:
Property | Value |
Melting point | 2,072 °C (3,762 °F; 2,345 K) |
Boiling point | 2,977 °C (5,391 °F; 3,250 K) |
Hardness | 15 – 19 GPa (9 on the Mohs scale) |
Electrical resistivity | 1012 – 1013 Ωm |
Thermal conductivity | 20 – 30 W/mK |
Molecular mass | 101.96 g/mol |
Density | 3.95 g/cm3 |
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Application:
- Used in producing primary aluminum
- Filler for some plastics
- Used in abrasives and also a lower price substitute for industrial diamonds
- Alumina flakes as reflective in automobile paints
- In refineries, Alumina converts hydrogen sulfide waste gases into elemental sulfur.
- Abrasion resistance in some coatings
- Widely used in refractories because of its high melting point
- Often used in glass to improve the strength, producing bullet proof windows
- So much used in engineered ceramics to increase wear resistance and thermal and chemical stability
Commercial Grades :
- Smelter or metallurgical grade : used in manufacturing of aluminum metal
- Calcined : when aluminum hydroxide heated more than 1100C , then it passes through the transition phases , these calcined one is used in refractories and ceramics and there are 3 type of calcined alumina :
- Low soda
- Medium Soda
- Ordinary Soda
- Reactive : this type of alumina refers to a relatively high purity and small crystal size and utilized when exceptional strength, temperature resistance, wear resistance, ,surface finish or chemical inertness are needed.
- Tabular : a s recrystallized or sintered α-alumina, flat tablet-shaped crystals of corundum. Tabular alumina is especially suitable for refractory applications.
- Fused : The fused alumina has low porosity, high density, low permeability and high refractoriness. so, it is used in producing of refractories and abrasives .
- High Purity : normally referred to those with a purity of 99.99% and are used in manufacturing of synthetic gem stones such as rubies and yttrium aluminum garnets for lasers, and sapphires for instrument windows and lasers.
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